Ubiquitous Computing

Ubiquitous, adjective

1. Present, appearing, or found everywhere
2. Omnipresent; pervasive

Computing, noun

1. The use or operation of computers
2. The process of using computer technology to complete a task

Understanding Ubiquitous Computing

Mark Weiser introduced ubiquitous computing at Xerox PARC in 1988, envisioning computing that "weaves itself into the fabric of everyday life until it is indistinguishable from it." This vision contrasts with personal computing's focus on individual devices, instead distributing computational capability throughout the environment.

Theoretical Framework

Weiser's "The Computer for the 21st Century" (1991) outlines three core principles: computing should be invisible, interfaces should be calm, and technology should enhance rather than replace human capabilities. This framework emphasizes what he called "calm technology" - systems that inform without overwhelming, moving between the center and periphery of attention as needed.

Contemporary Applications

Modern ubiquitous computing manifests through ambient intelligence, the Internet of Things, and environmental sensing. These implementations focus on creating responsive environments that serve human needs while remaining in the background. The challenge lies in managing complexity and privacy while maintaining the vision of invisible, helpful technology.

Further Reading

• Weiser, M. (1991). The Computer for the 21st Century. Scientific American, 265(3), 94-104.
• Weiser, M., & Brown, J. S. (1995). Designing Calm Technology. PowerGrid Journal.
• Greenfield, A. (2006). Everyware: The Dawning Age of Ubiquitous Computing. New Riders.
• McCullough, M. (2013). Ambient Commons: Attention in the Age of Embodied Information. MIT Press.

Related Concepts

• Ambient Intelligence
• Internet of Things
• Calm Technology
• Pervasive Computing
• Environmental Computing
• Smart Environments
• Invisible Interfaces